Introduction

This analysis tries to answer two questions: Does economic insecurity lead to higher punitive attitudes and does the welfare state reduce that relationship? This is also an introduction to Rmarkdown , Rstudio and using the ESS

Setup

Getting Started

First we need to get the data from the European Social Survey using the ESS package. I am using the “needs” package to make installing and loading packages easier.

library(needs)
needs(essurvey)

While we are at it, let us also load a few other packeges that we will need for the analysis.

  needs(tidyverse)  #Tidyverse helps us with many helper functions 
  needs(ggplot2)    #for nice graphics
  needs(car)        #I still clean my data using car
  needs(plotrix)    #For standard error function
  needs(ggthemes)   #To make ggplot look nicer
  needs(plotly)     #To make ggplot animated
  needs(crosstalk)  # To enable highlighting
  needs(haven)
  needs(texreg)
  needs(broom)

Downloading the Data

The data on punitivness can be found in ESS waves 4 (2008) and 5 (2010). We can download the data directly from within R, using the “essurvey” package. You can download more than one wave at once, but to facilitate data cleaning we download each wave seperately. You will need to register your email with the ESS first. We only need to do this once - so we use an if function to check if the file exists and only download it if it does not.

    set_email("cgnguyen@gmail.com") #Add your own email here

    #Check for ESS4
    ifelse(file.exists("./data/ESS4/ESS4e04_5.dta"),print("File Exists"), 
           download_rounds(
             rounds = 4,
             output_dir = "data",
             format = 'stata'))
         
    #Check for ESS5
    ifelse(file.exists("./data/ESS5/ESS5e03_4.dta"),print("File Exists"), 
           download_rounds(
             rounds = 5,
             output_dir = "data",
             format = 'stata'))
    
    DATA_4<-read_dta("./data/ESS4/ESS4e04_5.dta")
    DATA_5<-read_dta("./data/ESS5/ESS5e03_4.dta")

Cleaning the Data

First we need to clean our data. This means removing missing values, making sure that the coding is the same across each waves, and sometimes inversing scales.

Note that this data is already well prepared, so we can rely on one simple command to remove missing variables. Also going to save a vector of variable names that makes merging it easier later.

    DATA_4<-recode_missings(DATA_4)
    DATA_5<-recode_missings(DATA_5)
    
    length_vec_4<-length(DATA_4)
    length_vec_5<-length(DATA_5)

Dependent Variables: Punitivness

For now we look at one variable that looks at how much punishment people “deserve”. Specifically, the question asks “People who break the law deserve much harsher sentences”. This question is coded on a scale from 1(agree strongly) to 5 (disagree strongly) - we will reverse this scale so that higher values indicate more punitativness and have it range from 0 to 4.

Note that the variable is named slightly differently in wave 4 and 5

  DATA_4$punish<-(DATA_4$hrshsnt-5)*-1
  DATA_5$punish<-(DATA_5$hrshsnta-5)*-1

Clean individual level independent variables

We control for sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, main activity, level of education, and household income. We need to think about what kind of measure of economic insecurity we care about. We could go with labor market status, income, or maybe even labor market risk using ISCO rates.

We make use of the fact that the data is already labeled - this means we can use the “as_factor” command to turn the numerical variables into factor variables that R understands.

  DATA_4$gender<-as_factor(DATA_4$gndr)
  DATA_4$age<-DATA_4$agea
  DATA_4$activity<-as_factor(DATA_4$mnactic)
  DATA_4$education<-as_factor(DATA_4$eisced)
  DATA_4$income<-as_factor(DATA_4$hinctnta)
  
  DATA_4$cntry<-as_factor(DATA_4$cntry)
  
  DATA_5$gender<-as_factor(DATA_5$gndr)
  DATA_5$age<-DATA_5$agea
  DATA_5$activity<-as_factor(DATA_5$mnactic)
  DATA_5$education<-as_factor(DATA_5$eisced)
  DATA_5$income<-as_factor(DATA_5$hinctnta)
  DATA_5$cntry<-as_factor(DATA_5$cntry)

Merging the Dataset

We select the variables from the dataset that we need and then merge them into one new dataset for analysis. We need to do this because each survey has different questions, so we cannot simply combine the two. We also “drop” the empty levels of factor variables

select.vec<-c("punish","gender","age","activity","education","income","cntry")

DATA_4_merge<-DATA_4[,select.vec]
DATA_5_merge<-DATA_5[,select.vec]

DATA<-rbind(DATA_4_merge,DATA_5_merge)
DATA<-droplevels(DATA)

I am going to be using a lot of graphs in this. To make sure I don’t have to define every graph theme anew, I am going to create a new theme that sets some baselines for the figures we will produce. We will start with the basic minimalist theme, rotate the x-axis by 90 degrees and change the background to white.

  theme_awesome <- theme_bw() 
  
  theme_awesome<-theme_awesome +
      theme(legend.position = "none")
  
  theme_set(theme_awesome)

Descriptive Statistics

Very Basic results

Before we start our “proper” analysis, it is always a good idea to look at the data first and see what it looks like. We should really be adjusting for survey and design weights, but are going to ignore this for now to make the code easier to read.

Let us begin by looking at the distribution of our dependent variable.

summary(DATA$punish)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max.    NA's 
##   0.000   2.000   3.000   2.901   4.000   4.000    2925

So on average, most people want to have higher punishments for crime, with the median answer being “agree”. These averages are interesting, but let’s see if these differ by a few key few factors. In line with our theory, let us look at different forms of economic risk - unemployment and household income.

By Main Activity

To do this, we use dplyr to quickly calculate mean values per group + standard errors around them. We use the plotrix package for a quick helper function for the calculation of standard errors and ggplot2 to graph these.

There is a clear and signfiicant difference between people who are unemployed and people who are in paid work. However, there are other groups that score even higher on their relative punitive score. Retired people are the most punitive, while people in education are the lowest. This suggests that age may be a confounder here. Those who are permanently sick or disabled similarly score much higher, as do people who are looking after children.

By Income Group

By Education Group

By Country

This might be better with a map

Basic Regressions

Let us look at individual level insecurity and how it relates to punitivness. Two main measures of insecurity, poverty (low income) and unemployment. We control for basic factors like age, education, gender etc.

At first glance, there doesn’t seem to be much effect of low income/ unemployment on punitivness. In fact, low income and unemployment leads to LESS punitivness.

  DATA$income<-relevel(DATA$income, ref="F - 5th decile")
  DATA$education<-relevel(DATA$education, ref="ES-ISCED IIIa, upper tier upper secondary")
  
  htmlreg(lm(punish~activity+income+education+age+gender+cntry, data=DATA),
          custom.coef.names = c("Intercept",
                                "Education","Unemployed LFJ","Unemployed Inactive",
                                "Sick or Disabled","Retired","Community or Military Service", "Housework", "Other Activity",
                                "1st","2nd","3rd","4th","6th","7th","8th","9th","10th",
                                "Not possible to harmonize","Less than lower secondary","Lower Secondary","Lower Tier Uppser Secondary",
                                "Vocational Degree","BA Level", "MA level or higher", "Other Education",
                                "Age","Female"),
          groups=list("Main activity: Ref Paid Work"=2:9,
                      "Income Decile: Ref 5th"=10:18,
                      "Education: Ref Upper Tier Secondary"= 19:26),
          omit.coef = "cntry")
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”>
Statistical models
Model 1
Intercept 2.70***
(0.02)
Main activity: Ref Paid Work
     Education -0.15***
(0.02)
     Unemployed LFJ -0.05**
(0.02)
     Unemployed Inactive -0.13***
(0.03)
     Sick or Disabled 0.07***
(0.02)
     Retired 0.05***
(0.01)
     Community or Military Service -0.25**
(0.09)
     Housework -0.00
(0.01)
     Other Activity -0.05
(0.03)
Income Decile: Ref 5th
     1st -0.07***
(0.02)
     2nd -0.02
(0.01)
     3rd -0.02
(0.01)
     4th -0.02
(0.01)
     6th -0.04**
(0.01)
     7th -0.03*
(0.01)
     8th -0.06***
(0.01)
     9th -0.06***
(0.02)
     10th -0.12***
(0.02)
Education: Ref Upper Tier Secondary
     Not possible to harmonize 0.15***
(0.01)
     Less than lower secondary 0.13***
(0.01)
     Lower Secondary 0.08***
(0.01)
     Lower Tier Uppser Secondary 0.11***
(0.01)
     Vocational Degree -0.07***
(0.01)
     BA Level -0.18***
(0.01)
     MA level or higher -0.29***
(0.01)
     Other Education 0.04
(0.10)
Age 0.00***
(0.00)
Female 0.08***
(0.01)
R2 0.09
Adj. R2 0.09
Num. obs. 78632
RMSE 0.92
p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05

But the theory has been, that this effect should differ by country and welfare state. For now, we don’t look at any country level data and just let the effect of unemployment vary by country. Difficult to parse long table - need to clean this up. But inital results do not suggest any meaningful interactions.

  summary(lm(punish~activity*cntry+income+education+age+gender, data=DATA))
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = punish ~ activity * cntry + income + education + 
##     age + gender, data = DATA)
## 
## Residuals:
## <Labelled double>: People who break the law much harsher sentences
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.6274 -0.5756  0.0740  0.7523  2.4669 
## 
## Labels:
##  value                      label
##      1             Agree strongly
##      2                      Agree
##      3 Neither agree nor disagree
##      4                   Disagree
##      5          Disagree strongly
## 
## Coefficients: (12 not defined because of singularities)
##                                                                Estimate
## (Intercept)                                                   2.6765031
## activityEducation                                            -0.3236286
## activityUnemployed, looking for job                          -0.0200837
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job                       0.1130911
## activityPermanently sick or disabled                          0.2631856
## activityRetired                                               0.1815226
## activityCommunity or military service                         0.2024585
## activityHousework, looking after children, others            -0.0100919
## activityOther                                                -0.0671770
## cntryBG                                                       0.6916116
## cntryCH                                                      -0.1684633
## cntryCY                                                       0.3922224
## cntryCZ                                                       0.3583524
## cntryDE                                                      -0.0913687
## cntryDK                                                      -0.3805121
## cntryEE                                                       0.1342514
## cntryES                                                       0.3748150
## cntryFI                                                       0.1678067
## cntryFR                                                      -0.0704270
## cntryGB                                                       0.2023950
## cntryGR                                                       0.0822947
## cntryHR                                                       0.3936436
## cntryHU                                                       0.6183276
## cntryIE                                                       0.2665387
## cntryIL                                                       0.2650799
## cntryLV                                                       0.1914651
## cntryNL                                                      -0.0417209
## cntryNO                                                      -0.0938749
## cntryPL                                                       0.2806847
## cntryPT                                                       0.2747384
## cntryRO                                                       0.4028342
## cntryRU                                                       0.0591233
## cntrySE                                                      -0.2426986
## cntrySI                                                       0.1350711
## cntrySK                                                       0.2732831
## cntryTR                                                       0.2316528
## cntryUA                                                       0.2621034
## cntryLT                                                      -0.1054269
## incomeJ - 1st decile                                         -0.0618529
## incomeR - 2nd decile                                         -0.0158962
## incomeC - 3rd decile                                         -0.0166913
## incomeM - 4th decile                                         -0.0177763
## incomeS - 6th decile                                         -0.0365987
## incomeK - 7th decile                                         -0.0318578
## incomeP - 8th decile                                         -0.0618431
## incomeD - 9th decile                                         -0.0565935
## incomeH - 10th decile                                        -0.1131212
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED              0.1442875
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary               0.1313094
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary                         0.0809971
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary            0.1125386
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree        -0.0598926
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level     -0.1775708
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level -0.2906266
## educationOther                                                0.0356651
## age                                                           0.0008228
## genderFemale                                                  0.0790982
## activityEducation:cntryBG                                    -0.1209157
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG                  -0.0962369
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG              -0.5392510
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG                 -0.7326932
## activityRetired:cntryBG                                      -0.1963553
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG                -0.6423738
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG    -0.0864577
## activityOther:cntryBG                                        -0.3951657
## activityEducation:cntryCH                                     0.1130392
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH                  -0.1092767
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH              -0.4361655
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH                  0.0427117
## activityRetired:cntryCH                                      -0.0318102
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH                 0.2321747
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH     0.0262333
## activityOther:cntryCH                                         0.4601017
## activityEducation:cntryCY                                     0.2343117
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY                   0.1499485
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY              -0.2156071
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY                  0.1031330
## activityRetired:cntryCY                                      -0.1443275
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY                -0.4804851
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY    -0.1364445
## activityOther:cntryCY                                        -0.1877733
## activityEducation:cntryCZ                                     0.1825242
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ                  -0.2181528
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ              -0.4985784
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ                 -0.2912366
## activityRetired:cntryCZ                                      -0.1493460
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ    -0.1581865
## activityOther:cntryCZ                                         0.0956755
## activityEducation:cntryDE                                     0.0766095
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE                   0.2196846
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE               0.2126924
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE                 -0.1168466
## activityRetired:cntryDE                                      -0.0016775
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE                -0.7662126
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE     0.0037174
## activityOther:cntryDE                                        -0.2992299
## activityEducation:cntryDK                                     0.5294641
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK                   0.1419241
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK               0.0654415
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK                 -0.1131293
## activityRetired:cntryDK                                      -0.2264302
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK     0.1501226
## activityOther:cntryDK                                        -0.3918230
## activityEducation:cntryEE                                     0.0992570
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE                  -0.0483529
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE              -0.1978257
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE                 -0.1321456
## activityRetired:cntryEE                                      -0.0097491
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE    -0.0447549
## activityOther:cntryEE                                        -0.2273986
## activityEducation:cntryES                                     0.2500851
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES                  -0.0266647
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES              -0.2444811
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES                 -0.4890458
## activityRetired:cntryES                                      -0.1173174
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES     0.0403504
## activityOther:cntryES                                        -0.0888737
## activityEducation:cntryFI                                     0.1815699
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI                   0.0672295
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI              -0.2205003
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI                 -0.2551723
## activityRetired:cntryFI                                      -0.1645310
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI                -0.4030368
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI     0.1681327
## activityOther:cntryFI                                         0.4330205
## activityEducation:cntryFR                                     0.0965646
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR                   0.0041755
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR              -0.7270109
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR                 -0.0644820
## activityRetired:cntryFR                                       0.0590688
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR     0.1694295
## activityOther:cntryFR                                         0.1523537
## activityEducation:cntryGB                                     0.1626562
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB                   0.1250487
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB              -0.3154721
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB                 -0.1672947
## activityRetired:cntryGB                                      -0.1332456
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB                -1.5424156
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB     0.0392358
## activityOther:cntryGB                                        -0.0947914
## activityEducation:cntryGR                                    -0.0823065
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR                  -0.0054963
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR              -0.3697545
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR                 -0.0174242
## activityRetired:cntryGR                                      -0.1497218
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR                -0.8093542
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR    -0.0446747
## activityOther:cntryGR                                        -0.2353937
## activityEducation:cntryHR                                     0.2050593
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR                  -0.0855681
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR              -0.0505192
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR                 -0.4147522
## activityRetired:cntryHR                                      -0.2814716
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR                 0.1453321
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR    -0.0114889
## activityOther:cntryHR                                         0.1158375
## activityEducation:cntryHU                                     0.1912765
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU                  -0.0636951
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU              -0.3305214
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU                 -0.1659996
## activityRetired:cntryHU                                      -0.0902189
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU    -0.0226925
## activityOther:cntryHU                                         0.2256857
## activityEducation:cntryIE                                    -0.0145334
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE                  -0.2684165
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE              -0.5235226
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE                 -0.1832607
## activityRetired:cntryIE                                      -0.1485408
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE                -0.3087665
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE     0.1291994
## activityOther:cntryIE                                         0.1114204
## activityEducation:cntryIL                                     0.2041702
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL                   0.0573462
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL              -0.2917931
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL                 -0.2770557
## activityRetired:cntryIL                                      -0.2513127
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL                -0.5851534
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL    -0.0606025
## activityOther:cntryIL                                         0.0559784
## activityEducation:cntryLV                                     0.2555106
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV                  -0.0303330
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV              -0.5423915
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV                 -0.4158382
## activityRetired:cntryLV                                      -0.1018637
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV    -0.1197604
## activityOther:cntryLV                                         0.1051045
## activityEducation:cntryNL                                     0.0692144
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL                  -0.0721808
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL              -0.5534712
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL                 -0.1182274
## activityRetired:cntryNL                                      -0.2434125
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL     0.0736876
## activityOther:cntryNL                                         0.1381169
## activityEducation:cntryNO                                     0.3039486
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO                   0.0225374
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO              -0.1925994
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO                 -0.2049008
## activityRetired:cntryNO                                      -0.1969331
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO                 0.1217531
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO     0.2059761
## activityOther:cntryNO                                         0.3389324
## activityEducation:cntryPL                                     0.0500015
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL                   0.0418086
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL              -0.2202512
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL                 -0.3132995
## activityRetired:cntryPL                                      -0.1228316
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL     0.1068477
## activityOther:cntryPL                                         0.3758657
## activityEducation:cntryPT                                    -0.0580209
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT                  -0.1312108
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT              -0.0866136
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT                 -0.2897180
## activityRetired:cntryPT                                      -0.1756048
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT                 0.7594727
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT    -0.0263143
## activityOther:cntryPT                                         0.1965887
## activityEducation:cntryRO                                    -0.0174648
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO                  -0.1148561
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO              -0.1302188
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO                 -0.1921596
## activityRetired:cntryRO                                      -0.1536945
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO                -0.7308226
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO    -0.0370687
## activityOther:cntryRO                                        -0.0262315
## activityEducation:cntryRU                                     0.2558328
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU                  -0.1206460
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU              -0.3970701
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU                 -0.2477395
## activityRetired:cntryRU                                      -0.1471122
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU                 0.9490521
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU    -0.1565819
## activityOther:cntryRU                                                NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE                                     0.3813845
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE                   0.0226800
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE              -0.4853527
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE                 -0.1257518
## activityRetired:cntrySE                                      -0.1991580
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE                 0.2595879
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE     0.1302494
## activityOther:cntrySE                                        -0.0059935
## activityEducation:cntrySI                                     0.0402275
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI                  -0.0098889
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI               0.0331335
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI                 -0.3472099
## activityRetired:cntrySI                                      -0.1089033
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI                -0.6537658
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI     0.1190944
## activityOther:cntrySI                                        -0.0148330
## activityEducation:cntrySK                                     0.2895366
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK                  -0.0941322
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK               0.0170834
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK                 -0.1573143
## activityRetired:cntrySK                                      -0.1688590
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK     0.1014203
## activityOther:cntrySK                                         0.1479056
## activityEducation:cntryTR                                     0.3422603
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR                  -0.1304672
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR              -0.0550298
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR                 -0.0435074
## activityRetired:cntryTR                                      -0.1547880
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR                 0.7269975
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR    -0.1350650
## activityOther:cntryTR                                        -0.2220463
## activityEducation:cntryUA                                     0.1735975
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA                   0.0276443
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA              -0.4015540
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA                 -0.2396271
## activityRetired:cntryUA                                      -0.1429918
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA                -0.4297725
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA    -0.0500127
## activityOther:cntryUA                                         0.1666613
## activityEducation:cntryLT                                     0.3497564
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT                  -0.0899283
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT               0.1826897
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT                 -0.2791819
## activityRetired:cntryLT                                      -0.1685207
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT    -0.1614718
## activityOther:cntryLT                                         0.1946372
##                                                              Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                                   0.0292097
## activityEducation                                             0.0659243
## activityUnemployed, looking for job                           0.1008060
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job                       0.1087966
## activityPermanently sick or disabled                          0.0805314
## activityRetired                                               0.0446874
## activityCommunity or military service                         0.9203725
## activityHousework, looking after children, others             0.0621947
## activityOther                                                 0.1251205
## cntryBG                                                       0.0421519
## cntryCH                                                       0.0336058
## cntryCY                                                       0.0527981
## cntryCZ                                                       0.0332745
## cntryDE                                                       0.0304910
## cntryDK                                                       0.0330935
## cntryEE                                                       0.0335072
## cntryES                                                       0.0330949
## cntryFI                                                       0.0322007
## cntryFR                                                       0.0320357
## cntryGB                                                       0.0318883
## cntryGR                                                       0.0345991
## cntryHR                                                       0.0397451
## cntryHU                                                       0.0373919
## cntryIE                                                       0.0353947
## cntryIL                                                       0.0339286
## cntryLV                                                       0.0419878
## cntryNL                                                       0.0327249
## cntryNO                                                       0.0317868
## cntryPL                                                       0.0350888
## cntryPT                                                       0.0514072
## cntryRO                                                       0.0410692
## cntryRU                                                       0.0311982
## cntrySE                                                       0.0325060
## cntrySI                                                       0.0381559
## cntrySK                                                       0.0469301
## cntryTR                                                       0.0489851
## cntryUA                                                       0.0370067
## cntryLT                                                       0.0503806
## incomeJ - 1st decile                                          0.0152157
## incomeR - 2nd decile                                          0.0142544
## incomeC - 3rd decile                                          0.0139291
## incomeM - 4th decile                                          0.0139652
## incomeS - 6th decile                                          0.0144382
## incomeK - 7th decile                                          0.0145827
## incomeP - 8th decile                                          0.0149865
## incomeD - 9th decile                                          0.0156116
## incomeH - 10th decile                                         0.0159218
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED              0.0150290
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary               0.0153455
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary                         0.0120800
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary            0.0122499
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree         0.0134579
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level      0.0143574
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level  0.0137647
## educationOther                                                0.1024699
## age                                                           0.0002950
## genderFemale                                                  0.0069196
## activityEducation:cntryBG                                     0.1391515
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG                   0.1243473
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG               0.1702913
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG                  0.2036945
## activityRetired:cntryBG                                       0.0648921
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG                 1.3012895
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG     0.1303447
## activityOther:cntryBG                                         0.3709208
## activityEducation:cntryCH                                     0.1093583
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH                   0.1642257
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH               0.3112699
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH                  0.1496325
## activityRetired:cntryCH                                       0.0641270
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH                 1.1270551
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH     0.0871667
## activityOther:cntryCH                                         0.2513204
## activityEducation:cntryCY                                     0.2506882
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY                   0.2013813
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY               0.5438029
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY                  0.3597203
## activityRetired:cntryCY                                       0.0913112
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY                 0.9849320
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY     0.1239089
## activityOther:cntryCY                                         0.3513956
## activityEducation:cntryCZ                                     0.0963300
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ                   0.1360509
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ               0.1844380
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ                  0.1280162
## activityRetired:cntryCZ                                       0.0584325
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ     0.0975344
## activityOther:cntryCZ                                         0.2849014
## activityEducation:cntryDE                                     0.0875400
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE                   0.1228140
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE               0.1574925
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE                  0.1261213
## activityRetired:cntryDE                                       0.0549209
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE                 0.9941835
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE     0.0808615
## activityOther:cntryDE                                         0.1787354
## activityEducation:cntryDK                                     0.0951011
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK                   0.1508942
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK               0.2491410
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK                  0.1504924
## activityRetired:cntryDK                                       0.0603346
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK     0.1228010
## activityOther:cntryDK                                         0.2566951
## activityEducation:cntryEE                                     0.0931975
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE                   0.1341952
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE               0.1876883
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE                  0.1341871
## activityRetired:cntryEE                                       0.0599992
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE     0.1026086
## activityOther:cntryEE                                         0.2417852
## activityEducation:cntryES                                     0.0966008
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES                   0.1210491
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES               0.1505052
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES                  0.1357474
## activityRetired:cntryES                                       0.0646354
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES     0.0805533
## activityOther:cntryES                                         0.3173366
## activityEducation:cntryFI                                     0.0848593
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI                   0.1376877
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI               0.1645538
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI                  0.1553686
## activityRetired:cntryFI                                       0.0561903
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI                 0.9763610
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI     0.1091631
## activityOther:cntryFI                                         0.2103446
## activityEducation:cntryFR                                     0.0961188
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR                   0.1276559
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR               0.1828239
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR                  0.1286263
## activityRetired:cntryFR                                       0.0570191
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR     0.0997348
## activityOther:cntryFR                                         0.2127715
## activityEducation:cntryGB                                     0.1079380
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB                   0.1293023
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB               0.1799088
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB                  0.1057594
## activityRetired:cntryGB                                       0.0567586
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB                 1.0626451
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB     0.0839662
## activityOther:cntryGB                                         0.1915289
## activityEducation:cntryGR                                     0.1112862
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR                   0.1218929
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR               0.1524813
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR                  0.2684262
## activityRetired:cntryGR                                       0.0607182
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR                 1.0083859
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR     0.0798432
## activityOther:cntryGR                                         0.1871459
## activityEducation:cntryHR                                     0.1000889
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR                   0.1288023
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR               0.1509453
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR                  0.2333268
## activityRetired:cntryHR                                       0.0631263
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR                 1.0292391
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR     0.1021089
## activityOther:cntryHR                                         0.2278477
## activityEducation:cntryHU                                     0.1031912
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU                   0.1336487
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU               0.1719347
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU                  0.1534477
## activityRetired:cntryHU                                       0.0620792
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU     0.1017960
## activityOther:cntryHU                                         0.3322191
## activityEducation:cntryIE                                     0.0962433
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE                   0.1151163
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE               0.1440944
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE                  0.1205337
## activityRetired:cntryIE                                       0.0626175
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE                 0.9763760
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE     0.0783962
## activityOther:cntryIE                                         0.2208925
## activityEducation:cntryIL                                     0.0919358
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL                   0.1309266
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL               0.1557688
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL                  0.1098523
## activityRetired:cntryIL                                       0.0625675
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL                 0.9353807
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL     0.0837670
## activityOther:cntryIL                                         0.1905835
## activityEducation:cntryLV                                     0.1272383
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV                   0.1343971
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV               0.1771731
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV                  0.1681581
## activityRetired:cntryLV                                       0.0709359
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV     0.1185476
## activityOther:cntryLV                                         0.2350395
## activityEducation:cntryNL                                     0.1097415
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL                   0.1671033
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL               0.2552928
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL                  0.1128162
## activityRetired:cntryNL                                       0.0618091
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL     0.0804566
## activityOther:cntryNL                                         0.1776301
## activityEducation:cntryNO                                     0.0871790
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO                   0.1611681
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO               0.2695211
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO                  0.1205353
## activityRetired:cntryNO                                       0.0647502
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO                 1.1270348
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO     0.1057091
## activityOther:cntryNO                                         0.2177204
## activityEducation:cntryPL                                     0.0925365
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL                   0.1425616
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL               0.1833632
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL                  0.2094820
## activityRetired:cntryPL                                       0.0613452
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL     0.0960334
## activityOther:cntryPL                                         0.2515425
## activityEducation:cntryPT                                     0.1810508
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT                   0.1825816
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT               0.2903096
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT                  0.2302500
## activityRetired:cntryPT                                       0.0790595
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT                 1.3016432
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT     0.1334493
## activityOther:cntryPT                                         0.2876195
## activityEducation:cntryRO                                     0.1239635
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO                   0.1847934
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO               0.2447542
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO                  0.1465070
## activityRetired:cntryRO                                       0.0708848
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO                 1.1272602
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO     0.0992964
## activityOther:cntryRO                                         0.1750654
## activityEducation:cntryRU                                     0.0902970
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU                   0.1391425
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU               0.1669616
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU                  0.1357877
## activityRetired:cntryRU                                       0.0548152
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU                 1.3009859
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU     0.0901258
## activityOther:cntryRU                                                NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE                                     0.0897109
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE                   0.1489103
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE               0.2213906
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE                  0.1293967
## activityRetired:cntrySE                                       0.0603384
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE                 1.3009936
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE     0.1444135
## activityOther:cntrySE                                         0.2061664
## activityEducation:cntrySI                                     0.0970229
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI                   0.1592982
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI               0.1787022
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI                  0.2182242
## activityRetired:cntrySI                                       0.0658911
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI                 0.9943527
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI     0.0984266
## activityOther:cntrySI                                         0.2425285
## activityEducation:cntrySK                                     0.1399210
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK                   0.1704177
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK               0.2317486
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK                  0.2346212
## activityRetired:cntrySK                                       0.0737833
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK     0.1199848
## activityOther:cntrySK                                         0.5467630
## activityEducation:cntryTR                                     0.1032001
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR                   0.1251889
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR               0.1492861
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR                  0.3194499
## activityRetired:cntryTR                                       0.0874034
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR                 1.3014233
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR     0.0813182
## activityOther:cntryTR                                         0.1935093
## activityEducation:cntryUA                                     0.1112068
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA                   0.1362371
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA               0.1809231
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA                  0.1812601
## activityRetired:cntryUA                                       0.0588338
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA                 0.9842029
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA     0.0853483
## activityOther:cntryUA                                         0.2380665
## activityEducation:cntryLT                                     0.1278068
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT                   0.1515776
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT               0.2248312
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT                  0.1501025
## activityRetired:cntryLT                                       0.0770705
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT                        NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT     0.1247749
## activityOther:cntryLT                                         0.3195828
##                                                              t value
## (Intercept)                                                   91.631
## activityEducation                                             -4.909
## activityUnemployed, looking for job                           -0.199
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job                        1.039
## activityPermanently sick or disabled                           3.268
## activityRetired                                                4.062
## activityCommunity or military service                          0.220
## activityHousework, looking after children, others             -0.162
## activityOther                                                 -0.537
## cntryBG                                                       16.408
## cntryCH                                                       -5.013
## cntryCY                                                        7.429
## cntryCZ                                                       10.770
## cntryDE                                                       -2.997
## cntryDK                                                      -11.498
## cntryEE                                                        4.007
## cntryES                                                       11.325
## cntryFI                                                        5.211
## cntryFR                                                       -2.198
## cntryGB                                                        6.347
## cntryGR                                                        2.379
## cntryHR                                                        9.904
## cntryHU                                                       16.536
## cntryIE                                                        7.530
## cntryIL                                                        7.813
## cntryLV                                                        4.560
## cntryNL                                                       -1.275
## cntryNO                                                       -2.953
## cntryPL                                                        7.999
## cntryPT                                                        5.344
## cntryRO                                                        9.809
## cntryRU                                                        1.895
## cntrySE                                                       -7.466
## cntrySI                                                        3.540
## cntrySK                                                        5.823
## cntryTR                                                        4.729
## cntryUA                                                        7.083
## cntryLT                                                       -2.093
## incomeJ - 1st decile                                          -4.065
## incomeR - 2nd decile                                          -1.115
## incomeC - 3rd decile                                          -1.198
## incomeM - 4th decile                                          -1.273
## incomeS - 6th decile                                          -2.535
## incomeK - 7th decile                                          -2.185
## incomeP - 8th decile                                          -4.127
## incomeD - 9th decile                                          -3.625
## incomeH - 10th decile                                         -7.105
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED               9.601
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary                8.557
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary                          6.705
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary             9.187
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree         -4.450
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level     -12.368
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level -21.114
## educationOther                                                 0.348
## age                                                            2.789
## genderFemale                                                  11.431
## activityEducation:cntryBG                                     -0.869
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG                   -0.774
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG               -3.167
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG                  -3.597
## activityRetired:cntryBG                                       -3.026
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG                 -0.494
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG     -0.663
## activityOther:cntryBG                                         -1.065
## activityEducation:cntryCH                                      1.034
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH                   -0.665
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH               -1.401
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH                   0.285
## activityRetired:cntryCH                                       -0.496
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH                  0.206
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH      0.301
## activityOther:cntryCH                                          1.831
## activityEducation:cntryCY                                      0.935
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY                    0.745
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY               -0.396
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY                   0.287
## activityRetired:cntryCY                                       -1.581
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY                 -0.488
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY     -1.101
## activityOther:cntryCY                                         -0.534
## activityEducation:cntryCZ                                      1.895
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ                   -1.603
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ               -2.703
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ                  -2.275
## activityRetired:cntryCZ                                       -2.556
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ     -1.622
## activityOther:cntryCZ                                          0.336
## activityEducation:cntryDE                                      0.875
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE                    1.789
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE                1.350
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE                  -0.926
## activityRetired:cntryDE                                       -0.031
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE                 -0.771
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE      0.046
## activityOther:cntryDE                                         -1.674
## activityEducation:cntryDK                                      5.567
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK                    0.941
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK                0.263
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK                  -0.752
## activityRetired:cntryDK                                       -3.753
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK      1.222
## activityOther:cntryDK                                         -1.526
## activityEducation:cntryEE                                      1.065
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE                   -0.360
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE               -1.054
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE                  -0.985
## activityRetired:cntryEE                                       -0.162
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE     -0.436
## activityOther:cntryEE                                         -0.940
## activityEducation:cntryES                                      2.589
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES                   -0.220
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES               -1.624
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES                  -3.603
## activityRetired:cntryES                                       -1.815
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES      0.501
## activityOther:cntryES                                         -0.280
## activityEducation:cntryFI                                      2.140
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI                    0.488
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI               -1.340
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI                  -1.642
## activityRetired:cntryFI                                       -2.928
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI                 -0.413
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI      1.540
## activityOther:cntryFI                                          2.059
## activityEducation:cntryFR                                      1.005
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR                    0.033
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR               -3.977
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR                  -0.501
## activityRetired:cntryFR                                        1.036
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR      1.699
## activityOther:cntryFR                                          0.716
## activityEducation:cntryGB                                      1.507
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB                    0.967
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB               -1.754
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB                  -1.582
## activityRetired:cntryGB                                       -2.348
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB                 -1.451
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB      0.467
## activityOther:cntryGB                                         -0.495
## activityEducation:cntryGR                                     -0.740
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR                   -0.045
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR               -2.425
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR                  -0.065
## activityRetired:cntryGR                                       -2.466
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR                 -0.803
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR     -0.560
## activityOther:cntryGR                                         -1.258
## activityEducation:cntryHR                                      2.049
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR                   -0.664
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR               -0.335
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR                  -1.778
## activityRetired:cntryHR                                       -4.459
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR                  0.141
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR     -0.113
## activityOther:cntryHR                                          0.508
## activityEducation:cntryHU                                      1.854
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU                   -0.477
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU               -1.922
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU                  -1.082
## activityRetired:cntryHU                                       -1.453
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU     -0.223
## activityOther:cntryHU                                          0.679
## activityEducation:cntryIE                                     -0.151
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE                   -2.332
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE               -3.633
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE                  -1.520
## activityRetired:cntryIE                                       -2.372
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE                 -0.316
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE      1.648
## activityOther:cntryIE                                          0.504
## activityEducation:cntryIL                                      2.221
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL                    0.438
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL               -1.873
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL                  -2.522
## activityRetired:cntryIL                                       -4.017
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL                 -0.626
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL     -0.723
## activityOther:cntryIL                                          0.294
## activityEducation:cntryLV                                      2.008
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV                   -0.226
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV               -3.061
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV                  -2.473
## activityRetired:cntryLV                                       -1.436
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV     -1.010
## activityOther:cntryLV                                          0.447
## activityEducation:cntryNL                                      0.631
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL                   -0.432
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL               -2.168
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL                  -1.048
## activityRetired:cntryNL                                       -3.938
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL      0.916
## activityOther:cntryNL                                          0.778
## activityEducation:cntryNO                                      3.486
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO                    0.140
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO               -0.715
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO                  -1.700
## activityRetired:cntryNO                                       -3.041
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO                  0.108
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO      1.949
## activityOther:cntryNO                                          1.557
## activityEducation:cntryPL                                      0.540
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL                    0.293
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL               -1.201
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL                  -1.496
## activityRetired:cntryPL                                       -2.002
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL      1.113
## activityOther:cntryPL                                          1.494
## activityEducation:cntryPT                                     -0.320
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT                   -0.719
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT               -0.298
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT                  -1.258
## activityRetired:cntryPT                                       -2.221
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT                  0.583
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT     -0.197
## activityOther:cntryPT                                          0.684
## activityEducation:cntryRO                                     -0.141
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO                   -0.622
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO               -0.532
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO                  -1.312
## activityRetired:cntryRO                                       -2.168
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO                 -0.648
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO     -0.373
## activityOther:cntryRO                                         -0.150
## activityEducation:cntryRU                                      2.833
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU                   -0.867
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU               -2.378
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU                  -1.824
## activityRetired:cntryRU                                       -2.684
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU                  0.729
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU     -1.737
## activityOther:cntryRU                                             NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE                                      4.251
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE                    0.152
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE               -2.192
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE                  -0.972
## activityRetired:cntrySE                                       -3.301
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE                  0.200
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE      0.902
## activityOther:cntrySE                                         -0.029
## activityEducation:cntrySI                                      0.415
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI                   -0.062
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI                0.185
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI                  -1.591
## activityRetired:cntrySI                                       -1.653
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI                 -0.657
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI      1.210
## activityOther:cntrySI                                         -0.061
## activityEducation:cntrySK                                      2.069
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK                   -0.552
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK                0.074
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK                  -0.671
## activityRetired:cntrySK                                       -2.289
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK      0.845
## activityOther:cntrySK                                          0.271
## activityEducation:cntryTR                                      3.316
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR                   -1.042
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR               -0.369
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR                  -0.136
## activityRetired:cntryTR                                       -1.771
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR                  0.559
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR     -1.661
## activityOther:cntryTR                                         -1.147
## activityEducation:cntryUA                                      1.561
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA                    0.203
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA               -2.219
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA                  -1.322
## activityRetired:cntryUA                                       -2.430
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA                 -0.437
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA     -0.586
## activityOther:cntryUA                                          0.700
## activityEducation:cntryLT                                      2.737
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT                   -0.593
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT                0.813
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT                  -1.860
## activityRetired:cntryLT                                       -2.187
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT                     NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT     -1.294
## activityOther:cntryLT                                          0.609
##                                                              Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                                   < 2e-16 ***
## activityEducation                                            9.17e-07 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job                          0.842083    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job                      0.298588    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled                         0.001083 ** 
## activityRetired                                              4.87e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service                        0.825892    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others            0.871099    
## activityOther                                                0.591339    
## cntryBG                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryCH                                                      5.37e-07 ***
## cntryCY                                                      1.11e-13 ***
## cntryCZ                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryDE                                                      0.002731 ** 
## cntryDK                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryEE                                                      6.16e-05 ***
## cntryES                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryFI                                                      1.88e-07 ***
## cntryFR                                                      0.027924 *  
## cntryGB                                                      2.21e-10 ***
## cntryGR                                                      0.017385 *  
## cntryHR                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryHU                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryIE                                                      5.11e-14 ***
## cntryIL                                                      5.66e-15 ***
## cntryLV                                                      5.12e-06 ***
## cntryNL                                                      0.202349    
## cntryNO                                                      0.003145 ** 
## cntryPL                                                      1.27e-15 ***
## cntryPT                                                      9.10e-08 ***
## cntryRO                                                       < 2e-16 ***
## cntryRU                                                      0.058084 .  
## cntrySE                                                      8.34e-14 ***
## cntrySI                                                      0.000400 ***
## cntrySK                                                      5.80e-09 ***
## cntryTR                                                      2.26e-06 ***
## cntryUA                                                      1.43e-12 ***
## cntryLT                                                      0.036387 *  
## incomeJ - 1st decile                                         4.81e-05 ***
## incomeR - 2nd decile                                         0.264776    
## incomeC - 3rd decile                                         0.230802    
## incomeM - 4th decile                                         0.203058    
## incomeS - 6th decile                                         0.011252 *  
## incomeK - 7th decile                                         0.028918 *  
## incomeP - 8th decile                                         3.69e-05 ***
## incomeD - 9th decile                                         0.000289 ***
## incomeH - 10th decile                                        1.22e-12 ***
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED              < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary               < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary                        2.03e-11 ***
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary            < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree        8.58e-06 ***
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level      < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level  < 2e-16 ***
## educationOther                                               0.727800    
## age                                                          0.005283 ** 
## genderFemale                                                  < 2e-16 ***
## activityEducation:cntryBG                                    0.384877    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG                  0.438970    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG              0.001543 ** 
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG                 0.000322 ***
## activityRetired:cntryBG                                      0.002480 ** 
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG                0.621559    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG    0.507140    
## activityOther:cntryBG                                        0.286715    
## activityEducation:cntryCH                                    0.301298    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH                  0.505793    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH              0.161145    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH                 0.775305    
## activityRetired:cntryCH                                      0.619860    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH                0.836791    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH    0.763449    
## activityOther:cntryCH                                        0.067143 .  
## activityEducation:cntryCY                                    0.349959    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY                  0.456516    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY              0.691752    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY                 0.774340    
## activityRetired:cntryCY                                      0.113971    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY                0.625668    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY    0.270827    
## activityOther:cntryCY                                        0.593091    
## activityEducation:cntryCZ                                    0.058125 .  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ                  0.108836    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ              0.006868 ** 
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ                 0.022909 *  
## activityRetired:cntryCZ                                      0.010594 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ    0.104839    
## activityOther:cntryCZ                                        0.737008    
## activityEducation:cntryDE                                    0.381502    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE                  0.073658 .  
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE              0.176862    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE                 0.354209    
## activityRetired:cntryDE                                      0.975634    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE                0.440890    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE    0.963332    
## activityOther:cntryDE                                        0.094105 .  
## activityEducation:cntryDK                                    2.59e-08 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK                  0.346937    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK              0.792807    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK                 0.452217    
## activityRetired:cntryDK                                      0.000175 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK    0.221527    
## activityOther:cntryDK                                        0.126911    
## activityEducation:cntryEE                                    0.286871    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE                  0.718610    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE              0.291881    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE                 0.324732    
## activityRetired:cntryEE                                      0.870923    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE    0.662714    
## activityOther:cntryEE                                        0.346965    
## activityEducation:cntryES                                    0.009631 ** 
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES                  0.825654    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES              0.104294    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES                 0.000315 ***
## activityRetired:cntryES                                      0.069518 .  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES    0.616432    
## activityOther:cntryES                                        0.779431    
## activityEducation:cntryFI                                    0.032385 *  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI                  0.625357    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI              0.180253    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI                 0.100518    
## activityRetired:cntryFI                                      0.003411 ** 
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI                0.679758    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI    0.123516    
## activityOther:cntryFI                                        0.039534 *  
## activityEducation:cntryFR                                    0.315074    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR                  0.973907    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR              7.00e-05 ***
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR                 0.616153    
## activityRetired:cntryFR                                      0.300230    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR    0.089361 .  
## activityOther:cntryFR                                        0.473967    
## activityEducation:cntryGB                                    0.131830    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB                  0.333495    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB              0.079518 .  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB                 0.113689    
## activityRetired:cntryGB                                      0.018898 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB                0.146648    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB    0.640301    
## activityOther:cntryGB                                        0.620658    
## activityEducation:cntryGR                                    0.459549    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR                  0.964035    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR              0.015314 *  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR                 0.948244    
## activityRetired:cntryGR                                      0.013671 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR                0.422195    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR    0.575801    
## activityOther:cntryGR                                        0.208465    
## activityEducation:cntryHR                                    0.040488 *  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR                  0.506476    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR              0.737863    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR                 0.075480 .  
## activityRetired:cntryHR                                      8.25e-06 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR                0.887710    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR    0.910414    
## activityOther:cntryHR                                        0.611175    
## activityEducation:cntryHU                                    0.063798 .  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU                  0.633658    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU              0.054563 .  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU                 0.279345    
## activityRetired:cntryHU                                      0.146148    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU    0.823597    
## activityOther:cntryHU                                        0.496932    
## activityEducation:cntryIE                                    0.879971    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE                  0.019719 *  
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE              0.000280 ***
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE                 0.128412    
## activityRetired:cntryIE                                      0.017685 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE                0.751823    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE    0.099350 .  
## activityOther:cntryIE                                        0.613975    
## activityEducation:cntryIL                                    0.026368 *  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL                  0.661385    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL              0.061038 .  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL                 0.011668 *  
## activityRetired:cntryIL                                      5.91e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL                0.531594    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL    0.469396    
## activityOther:cntryIL                                        0.768972    
## activityEducation:cntryLV                                    0.044633 *  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV                  0.821438    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV              0.002204 ** 
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV                 0.013404 *  
## activityRetired:cntryLV                                      0.151008    
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV    0.312388    
## activityOther:cntryLV                                        0.654748    
## activityEducation:cntryNL                                    0.528236    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL                  0.665777    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL              0.030163 *  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL                 0.294658    
## activityRetired:cntryNL                                      8.22e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL    0.359739    
## activityOther:cntryNL                                        0.436835    
## activityEducation:cntryNO                                    0.000490 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO                  0.888789    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO              0.474859    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO                 0.089149 .  
## activityRetired:cntryNO                                      0.002355 ** 
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO                0.913972    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO    0.051357 .  
## activityOther:cntryNO                                        0.119538    
## activityEducation:cntryPL                                    0.588961    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL                  0.769319    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL              0.229687    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL                 0.134764    
## activityRetired:cntryPL                                      0.045256 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL    0.265879    
## activityOther:cntryPL                                        0.135116    
## activityEducation:cntryPT                                    0.748615    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT                  0.472364    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT              0.765437    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT                 0.208296    
## activityRetired:cntryPT                                      0.026342 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT                0.559577    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT    0.843683    
## activityOther:cntryPT                                        0.494291    
## activityEducation:cntryRO                                    0.887960    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO                  0.534248    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO              0.594701    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO                 0.189657    
## activityRetired:cntryRO                                      0.030144 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO                0.516781    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO    0.708917    
## activityOther:cntryRO                                        0.880892    
## activityEducation:cntryRU                                    0.004609 ** 
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU                  0.385908    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU              0.017399 *  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU                 0.068086 .  
## activityRetired:cntryRU                                      0.007281 ** 
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU                0.465706    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU    0.082326 .  
## activityOther:cntryRU                                              NA    
## activityEducation:cntrySE                                    2.13e-05 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE                  0.878946    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE              0.028361 *  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE                 0.331137    
## activityRetired:cntrySE                                      0.000965 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE                0.841848    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE    0.367102    
## activityOther:cntrySE                                        0.976808    
## activityEducation:cntrySI                                    0.678422    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI                  0.950501    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI              0.852907    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI                 0.111598    
## activityRetired:cntrySI                                      0.098381 .  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI                0.510875    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI    0.226289    
## activityOther:cntrySI                                        0.951232    
## activityEducation:cntrySK                                    0.038523 *  
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK                  0.580702    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK              0.941237    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK                 0.502539    
## activityRetired:cntrySK                                      0.022106 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK    0.397959    
## activityOther:cntrySK                                        0.786768    
## activityEducation:cntryTR                                    0.000912 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR                  0.297340    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR              0.712412    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR                 0.891668    
## activityRetired:cntryTR                                      0.076571 .  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR                0.576425    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR    0.096729 .  
## activityOther:cntryTR                                        0.251191    
## activityEducation:cntryUA                                    0.118520    
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA                  0.839203    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA              0.026457 *  
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA                 0.186170    
## activityRetired:cntryUA                                      0.015083 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA                0.662351    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA    0.557888    
## activityOther:cntryUA                                        0.483891    
## activityEducation:cntryLT                                    0.006209 ** 
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT                  0.552994    
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT              0.416471    
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT                 0.062897 .  
## activityRetired:cntryLT                                      0.028776 *  
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT                      NA    
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT    0.195633    
## activityOther:cntryLT                                        0.542503    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.9191 on 78355 degrees of freedom
##   (30578 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09291,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.08971 
## F-statistic: 29.08 on 276 and 78355 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16