This analysis tries to answer two questions: Does economic insecurity lead to higher punitive attitudes and does the welfare state reduce that relationship? This is also an introduction to Rmarkdown , Rstudio and using the ESS
First we need to get the data from the European Social Survey using the ESS package. I am using the “needs” package to make installing and loading packages easier.
library(needs)
needs(essurvey)While we are at it, let us also load a few other packeges that we will need for the analysis.
needs(tidyverse) #Tidyverse helps us with many helper functions
needs(ggplot2) #for nice graphics
needs(car) #I still clean my data using car
needs(plotrix) #For standard error function
needs(ggthemes) #To make ggplot look nicer
needs(plotly) #To make ggplot animated
needs(crosstalk) # To enable highlighting
needs(haven)
needs(texreg)
needs(broom)The data on punitivness can be found in ESS waves 4 (2008) and 5 (2010). We can download the data directly from within R, using the “essurvey” package. You can download more than one wave at once, but to facilitate data cleaning we download each wave seperately. You will need to register your email with the ESS first. We only need to do this once - so we use an if function to check if the file exists and only download it if it does not.
set_email("cgnguyen@gmail.com") #Add your own email here
#Check for ESS4
ifelse(file.exists("./data/ESS4/ESS4e04_5.dta"),print("File Exists"),
download_rounds(
rounds = 4,
output_dir = "data",
format = 'stata'))
#Check for ESS5
ifelse(file.exists("./data/ESS5/ESS5e03_4.dta"),print("File Exists"),
download_rounds(
rounds = 5,
output_dir = "data",
format = 'stata'))
DATA_4<-read_dta("./data/ESS4/ESS4e04_5.dta")
DATA_5<-read_dta("./data/ESS5/ESS5e03_4.dta")First we need to clean our data. This means removing missing values, making sure that the coding is the same across each waves, and sometimes inversing scales.
Note that this data is already well prepared, so we can rely on one simple command to remove missing variables. Also going to save a vector of variable names that makes merging it easier later.
DATA_4<-recode_missings(DATA_4)
DATA_5<-recode_missings(DATA_5)
length_vec_4<-length(DATA_4)
length_vec_5<-length(DATA_5)For now we look at one variable that looks at how much punishment people “deserve”. Specifically, the question asks “People who break the law deserve much harsher sentences”. This question is coded on a scale from 1(agree strongly) to 5 (disagree strongly) - we will reverse this scale so that higher values indicate more punitativness and have it range from 0 to 4.
Note that the variable is named slightly differently in wave 4 and 5
DATA_4$punish<-(DATA_4$hrshsnt-5)*-1
DATA_5$punish<-(DATA_5$hrshsnta-5)*-1We control for sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, main activity, level of education, and household income. We need to think about what kind of measure of economic insecurity we care about. We could go with labor market status, income, or maybe even labor market risk using ISCO rates.
We make use of the fact that the data is already labeled - this means we can use the “as_factor” command to turn the numerical variables into factor variables that R understands.
DATA_4$gender<-as_factor(DATA_4$gndr)
DATA_4$age<-DATA_4$agea
DATA_4$activity<-as_factor(DATA_4$mnactic)
DATA_4$education<-as_factor(DATA_4$eisced)
DATA_4$income<-as_factor(DATA_4$hinctnta)
DATA_4$cntry<-as_factor(DATA_4$cntry)
DATA_5$gender<-as_factor(DATA_5$gndr)
DATA_5$age<-DATA_5$agea
DATA_5$activity<-as_factor(DATA_5$mnactic)
DATA_5$education<-as_factor(DATA_5$eisced)
DATA_5$income<-as_factor(DATA_5$hinctnta)
DATA_5$cntry<-as_factor(DATA_5$cntry)We select the variables from the dataset that we need and then merge them into one new dataset for analysis. We need to do this because each survey has different questions, so we cannot simply combine the two. We also “drop” the empty levels of factor variables
select.vec<-c("punish","gender","age","activity","education","income","cntry")
DATA_4_merge<-DATA_4[,select.vec]
DATA_5_merge<-DATA_5[,select.vec]
DATA<-rbind(DATA_4_merge,DATA_5_merge)
DATA<-droplevels(DATA)I am going to be using a lot of graphs in this. To make sure I don’t have to define every graph theme anew, I am going to create a new theme that sets some baselines for the figures we will produce. We will start with the basic minimalist theme, rotate the x-axis by 90 degrees and change the background to white.
theme_awesome <- theme_bw()
theme_awesome<-theme_awesome +
theme(legend.position = "none")
theme_set(theme_awesome)Before we start our “proper” analysis, it is always a good idea to look at the data first and see what it looks like. We should really be adjusting for survey and design weights, but are going to ignore this for now to make the code easier to read.
Let us begin by looking at the distribution of our dependent variable.
summary(DATA$punish)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## 0.000 2.000 3.000 2.901 4.000 4.000 2925So on average, most people want to have higher punishments for crime, with the median answer being “agree”. These averages are interesting, but let’s see if these differ by a few key few factors. In line with our theory, let us look at different forms of economic risk - unemployment and household income.
To do this, we use dplyr to quickly calculate mean values per group + standard errors around them. We use the plotrix package for a quick helper function for the calculation of standard errors and ggplot2 to graph these.
There is a clear and signfiicant difference between people who are unemployed and people who are in paid work. However, there are other groups that score even higher on their relative punitive score. Retired people are the most punitive, while people in education are the lowest. This suggests that age may be a confounder here. Those who are permanently sick or disabled similarly score much higher, as do people who are looking after children.
This might be better with a map
Let us look at individual level insecurity and how it relates to punitivness. Two main measures of insecurity, poverty (low income) and unemployment. We control for basic factors like age, education, gender etc.
At first glance, there doesn’t seem to be much effect of low income/ unemployment on punitivness. In fact, low income and unemployment leads to LESS punitivness.
DATA$income<-relevel(DATA$income, ref="F - 5th decile")
DATA$education<-relevel(DATA$education, ref="ES-ISCED IIIa, upper tier upper secondary")
htmlreg(lm(punish~activity+income+education+age+gender+cntry, data=DATA),
custom.coef.names = c("Intercept",
"Education","Unemployed LFJ","Unemployed Inactive",
"Sick or Disabled","Retired","Community or Military Service", "Housework", "Other Activity",
"1st","2nd","3rd","4th","6th","7th","8th","9th","10th",
"Not possible to harmonize","Less than lower secondary","Lower Secondary","Lower Tier Uppser Secondary",
"Vocational Degree","BA Level", "MA level or higher", "Other Education",
"Age","Female"),
groups=list("Main activity: Ref Paid Work"=2:9,
"Income Decile: Ref 5th"=10:18,
"Education: Ref Upper Tier Secondary"= 19:26),
omit.coef = "cntry")| Model 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 2.70*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Main activity: Ref Paid Work | ||
| Education | -0.15*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Unemployed LFJ | -0.05** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Unemployed Inactive | -0.13*** | |
| (0.03) | ||
| Sick or Disabled | 0.07*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Retired | 0.05*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Community or Military Service | -0.25** | |
| (0.09) | ||
| Housework | -0.00 | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Other Activity | -0.05 | |
| (0.03) | ||
| Income Decile: Ref 5th | ||
| 1st | -0.07*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| 2nd | -0.02 | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 3rd | -0.02 | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 4th | -0.02 | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 6th | -0.04** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 7th | -0.03* | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 8th | -0.06*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| 9th | -0.06*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| 10th | -0.12*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Education: Ref Upper Tier Secondary | ||
| Not possible to harmonize | 0.15*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Less than lower secondary | 0.13*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Lower Secondary | 0.08*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Lower Tier Uppser Secondary | 0.11*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Vocational Degree | -0.07*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| BA Level | -0.18*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| MA level or higher | -0.29*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| Other Education | 0.04 | |
| (0.10) | ||
| Age | 0.00*** | |
| (0.00) | ||
| Female | 0.08*** | |
| (0.01) | ||
| R2 | 0.09 | |
| Adj. R2 | 0.09 | |
| Num. obs. | 78632 | |
| RMSE | 0.92 | |
| p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05 | ||
But the theory has been, that this effect should differ by country and welfare state. For now, we don’t look at any country level data and just let the effect of unemployment vary by country. Difficult to parse long table - need to clean this up. But inital results do not suggest any meaningful interactions.
summary(lm(punish~activity*cntry+income+education+age+gender, data=DATA))##
## Call:
## lm(formula = punish ~ activity * cntry + income + education +
## age + gender, data = DATA)
##
## Residuals:
## <Labelled double>: People who break the law much harsher sentences
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -3.6274 -0.5756 0.0740 0.7523 2.4669
##
## Labels:
## value label
## 1 Agree strongly
## 2 Agree
## 3 Neither agree nor disagree
## 4 Disagree
## 5 Disagree strongly
##
## Coefficients: (12 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 2.6765031
## activityEducation -0.3236286
## activityUnemployed, looking for job -0.0200837
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job 0.1130911
## activityPermanently sick or disabled 0.2631856
## activityRetired 0.1815226
## activityCommunity or military service 0.2024585
## activityHousework, looking after children, others -0.0100919
## activityOther -0.0671770
## cntryBG 0.6916116
## cntryCH -0.1684633
## cntryCY 0.3922224
## cntryCZ 0.3583524
## cntryDE -0.0913687
## cntryDK -0.3805121
## cntryEE 0.1342514
## cntryES 0.3748150
## cntryFI 0.1678067
## cntryFR -0.0704270
## cntryGB 0.2023950
## cntryGR 0.0822947
## cntryHR 0.3936436
## cntryHU 0.6183276
## cntryIE 0.2665387
## cntryIL 0.2650799
## cntryLV 0.1914651
## cntryNL -0.0417209
## cntryNO -0.0938749
## cntryPL 0.2806847
## cntryPT 0.2747384
## cntryRO 0.4028342
## cntryRU 0.0591233
## cntrySE -0.2426986
## cntrySI 0.1350711
## cntrySK 0.2732831
## cntryTR 0.2316528
## cntryUA 0.2621034
## cntryLT -0.1054269
## incomeJ - 1st decile -0.0618529
## incomeR - 2nd decile -0.0158962
## incomeC - 3rd decile -0.0166913
## incomeM - 4th decile -0.0177763
## incomeS - 6th decile -0.0365987
## incomeK - 7th decile -0.0318578
## incomeP - 8th decile -0.0618431
## incomeD - 9th decile -0.0565935
## incomeH - 10th decile -0.1131212
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED 0.1442875
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary 0.1313094
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary 0.0809971
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary 0.1125386
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree -0.0598926
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level -0.1775708
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level -0.2906266
## educationOther 0.0356651
## age 0.0008228
## genderFemale 0.0790982
## activityEducation:cntryBG -0.1209157
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG -0.0962369
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG -0.5392510
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG -0.7326932
## activityRetired:cntryBG -0.1963553
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG -0.6423738
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG -0.0864577
## activityOther:cntryBG -0.3951657
## activityEducation:cntryCH 0.1130392
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH -0.1092767
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH -0.4361655
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH 0.0427117
## activityRetired:cntryCH -0.0318102
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH 0.2321747
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH 0.0262333
## activityOther:cntryCH 0.4601017
## activityEducation:cntryCY 0.2343117
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY 0.1499485
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY -0.2156071
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY 0.1031330
## activityRetired:cntryCY -0.1443275
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY -0.4804851
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY -0.1364445
## activityOther:cntryCY -0.1877733
## activityEducation:cntryCZ 0.1825242
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ -0.2181528
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ -0.4985784
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ -0.2912366
## activityRetired:cntryCZ -0.1493460
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ -0.1581865
## activityOther:cntryCZ 0.0956755
## activityEducation:cntryDE 0.0766095
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE 0.2196846
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE 0.2126924
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE -0.1168466
## activityRetired:cntryDE -0.0016775
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE -0.7662126
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE 0.0037174
## activityOther:cntryDE -0.2992299
## activityEducation:cntryDK 0.5294641
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK 0.1419241
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK 0.0654415
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK -0.1131293
## activityRetired:cntryDK -0.2264302
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK 0.1501226
## activityOther:cntryDK -0.3918230
## activityEducation:cntryEE 0.0992570
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE -0.0483529
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE -0.1978257
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE -0.1321456
## activityRetired:cntryEE -0.0097491
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE -0.0447549
## activityOther:cntryEE -0.2273986
## activityEducation:cntryES 0.2500851
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES -0.0266647
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES -0.2444811
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES -0.4890458
## activityRetired:cntryES -0.1173174
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES 0.0403504
## activityOther:cntryES -0.0888737
## activityEducation:cntryFI 0.1815699
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI 0.0672295
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI -0.2205003
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI -0.2551723
## activityRetired:cntryFI -0.1645310
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI -0.4030368
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI 0.1681327
## activityOther:cntryFI 0.4330205
## activityEducation:cntryFR 0.0965646
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR 0.0041755
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR -0.7270109
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR -0.0644820
## activityRetired:cntryFR 0.0590688
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR 0.1694295
## activityOther:cntryFR 0.1523537
## activityEducation:cntryGB 0.1626562
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB 0.1250487
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB -0.3154721
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB -0.1672947
## activityRetired:cntryGB -0.1332456
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB -1.5424156
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB 0.0392358
## activityOther:cntryGB -0.0947914
## activityEducation:cntryGR -0.0823065
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR -0.0054963
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR -0.3697545
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR -0.0174242
## activityRetired:cntryGR -0.1497218
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR -0.8093542
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR -0.0446747
## activityOther:cntryGR -0.2353937
## activityEducation:cntryHR 0.2050593
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR -0.0855681
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR -0.0505192
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR -0.4147522
## activityRetired:cntryHR -0.2814716
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR 0.1453321
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR -0.0114889
## activityOther:cntryHR 0.1158375
## activityEducation:cntryHU 0.1912765
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU -0.0636951
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU -0.3305214
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU -0.1659996
## activityRetired:cntryHU -0.0902189
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU -0.0226925
## activityOther:cntryHU 0.2256857
## activityEducation:cntryIE -0.0145334
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE -0.2684165
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE -0.5235226
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE -0.1832607
## activityRetired:cntryIE -0.1485408
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE -0.3087665
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE 0.1291994
## activityOther:cntryIE 0.1114204
## activityEducation:cntryIL 0.2041702
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL 0.0573462
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL -0.2917931
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL -0.2770557
## activityRetired:cntryIL -0.2513127
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL -0.5851534
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL -0.0606025
## activityOther:cntryIL 0.0559784
## activityEducation:cntryLV 0.2555106
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV -0.0303330
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV -0.5423915
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV -0.4158382
## activityRetired:cntryLV -0.1018637
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV -0.1197604
## activityOther:cntryLV 0.1051045
## activityEducation:cntryNL 0.0692144
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL -0.0721808
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL -0.5534712
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL -0.1182274
## activityRetired:cntryNL -0.2434125
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL 0.0736876
## activityOther:cntryNL 0.1381169
## activityEducation:cntryNO 0.3039486
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO 0.0225374
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO -0.1925994
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO -0.2049008
## activityRetired:cntryNO -0.1969331
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO 0.1217531
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO 0.2059761
## activityOther:cntryNO 0.3389324
## activityEducation:cntryPL 0.0500015
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL 0.0418086
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL -0.2202512
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL -0.3132995
## activityRetired:cntryPL -0.1228316
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL 0.1068477
## activityOther:cntryPL 0.3758657
## activityEducation:cntryPT -0.0580209
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT -0.1312108
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT -0.0866136
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT -0.2897180
## activityRetired:cntryPT -0.1756048
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT 0.7594727
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT -0.0263143
## activityOther:cntryPT 0.1965887
## activityEducation:cntryRO -0.0174648
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO -0.1148561
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO -0.1302188
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO -0.1921596
## activityRetired:cntryRO -0.1536945
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO -0.7308226
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO -0.0370687
## activityOther:cntryRO -0.0262315
## activityEducation:cntryRU 0.2558328
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU -0.1206460
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU -0.3970701
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU -0.2477395
## activityRetired:cntryRU -0.1471122
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU 0.9490521
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU -0.1565819
## activityOther:cntryRU NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE 0.3813845
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE 0.0226800
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE -0.4853527
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE -0.1257518
## activityRetired:cntrySE -0.1991580
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE 0.2595879
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE 0.1302494
## activityOther:cntrySE -0.0059935
## activityEducation:cntrySI 0.0402275
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI -0.0098889
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI 0.0331335
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI -0.3472099
## activityRetired:cntrySI -0.1089033
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI -0.6537658
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI 0.1190944
## activityOther:cntrySI -0.0148330
## activityEducation:cntrySK 0.2895366
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK -0.0941322
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK 0.0170834
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK -0.1573143
## activityRetired:cntrySK -0.1688590
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK 0.1014203
## activityOther:cntrySK 0.1479056
## activityEducation:cntryTR 0.3422603
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR -0.1304672
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR -0.0550298
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR -0.0435074
## activityRetired:cntryTR -0.1547880
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR 0.7269975
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR -0.1350650
## activityOther:cntryTR -0.2220463
## activityEducation:cntryUA 0.1735975
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA 0.0276443
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA -0.4015540
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA -0.2396271
## activityRetired:cntryUA -0.1429918
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA -0.4297725
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA -0.0500127
## activityOther:cntryUA 0.1666613
## activityEducation:cntryLT 0.3497564
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT -0.0899283
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT 0.1826897
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT -0.2791819
## activityRetired:cntryLT -0.1685207
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT -0.1614718
## activityOther:cntryLT 0.1946372
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 0.0292097
## activityEducation 0.0659243
## activityUnemployed, looking for job 0.1008060
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job 0.1087966
## activityPermanently sick or disabled 0.0805314
## activityRetired 0.0446874
## activityCommunity or military service 0.9203725
## activityHousework, looking after children, others 0.0621947
## activityOther 0.1251205
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## cntryDK 0.0330935
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## cntryGB 0.0318883
## cntryGR 0.0345991
## cntryHR 0.0397451
## cntryHU 0.0373919
## cntryIE 0.0353947
## cntryIL 0.0339286
## cntryLV 0.0419878
## cntryNL 0.0327249
## cntryNO 0.0317868
## cntryPL 0.0350888
## cntryPT 0.0514072
## cntryRO 0.0410692
## cntryRU 0.0311982
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## cntrySI 0.0381559
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## incomeC - 3rd decile 0.0139291
## incomeM - 4th decile 0.0139652
## incomeS - 6th decile 0.0144382
## incomeK - 7th decile 0.0145827
## incomeP - 8th decile 0.0149865
## incomeD - 9th decile 0.0156116
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## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary 0.0153455
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary 0.0120800
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary 0.0122499
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## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level 0.0137647
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## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ 0.1280162
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## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU 0.1534477
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO 0.2695211
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL 0.1833632
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL 0.2094820
## activityRetired:cntryPL 0.0613452
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL NA
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## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU 0.0901258
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## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE 0.1293967
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK 0.2317486
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK 0.2346212
## activityRetired:cntrySK 0.0737833
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK 0.1199848
## activityOther:cntrySK 0.5467630
## activityEducation:cntryTR 0.1032001
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR 0.1251889
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR 0.1492861
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## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR 0.0813182
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA 0.1809231
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA 0.1812601
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## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA 0.9842029
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT 0.2248312
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT 0.1501025
## activityRetired:cntryLT 0.0770705
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT 0.1247749
## activityOther:cntryLT 0.3195828
## t value
## (Intercept) 91.631
## activityEducation -4.909
## activityUnemployed, looking for job -0.199
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job 1.039
## activityPermanently sick or disabled 3.268
## activityRetired 4.062
## activityCommunity or military service 0.220
## activityHousework, looking after children, others -0.162
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## cntryCY 7.429
## cntryCZ 10.770
## cntryDE -2.997
## cntryDK -11.498
## cntryEE 4.007
## cntryES 11.325
## cntryFI 5.211
## cntryFR -2.198
## cntryGB 6.347
## cntryGR 2.379
## cntryHR 9.904
## cntryHU 16.536
## cntryIE 7.530
## cntryIL 7.813
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## cntryNO -2.953
## cntryPL 7.999
## cntryPT 5.344
## cntryRO 9.809
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## cntrySE -7.466
## cntrySI 3.540
## cntrySK 5.823
## cntryTR 4.729
## cntryUA 7.083
## cntryLT -2.093
## incomeJ - 1st decile -4.065
## incomeR - 2nd decile -1.115
## incomeC - 3rd decile -1.198
## incomeM - 4th decile -1.273
## incomeS - 6th decile -2.535
## incomeK - 7th decile -2.185
## incomeP - 8th decile -4.127
## incomeD - 9th decile -3.625
## incomeH - 10th decile -7.105
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED 9.601
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary 8.557
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary 6.705
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary 9.187
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree -4.450
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level -12.368
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level -21.114
## educationOther 0.348
## age 2.789
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## activityEducation:cntryBG -0.869
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG -0.774
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG -3.167
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG -3.597
## activityRetired:cntryBG -3.026
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG -0.494
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## activityEducation:cntryCH 1.034
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH -0.665
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH -1.401
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH 0.285
## activityRetired:cntryCH -0.496
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH 0.206
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH 0.301
## activityOther:cntryCH 1.831
## activityEducation:cntryCY 0.935
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY 0.745
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY -0.396
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY 0.287
## activityRetired:cntryCY -1.581
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY -0.488
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY -1.101
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## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ -1.603
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ -2.703
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ -2.275
## activityRetired:cntryCZ -2.556
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ -1.622
## activityOther:cntryCZ 0.336
## activityEducation:cntryDE 0.875
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE 1.789
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE 1.350
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE -0.926
## activityRetired:cntryDE -0.031
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE -0.771
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE 0.046
## activityOther:cntryDE -1.674
## activityEducation:cntryDK 5.567
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK 0.941
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK 0.263
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK -0.752
## activityRetired:cntryDK -3.753
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK 1.222
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## activityEducation:cntryEE 1.065
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE -0.360
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE -1.054
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE -0.985
## activityRetired:cntryEE -0.162
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE -0.436
## activityOther:cntryEE -0.940
## activityEducation:cntryES 2.589
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES -0.220
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES -1.624
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES -3.603
## activityRetired:cntryES -1.815
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES 0.501
## activityOther:cntryES -0.280
## activityEducation:cntryFI 2.140
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI 0.488
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI -1.340
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI -1.642
## activityRetired:cntryFI -2.928
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI -0.413
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## activityOther:cntryFI 2.059
## activityEducation:cntryFR 1.005
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR 0.033
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR -3.977
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR -0.501
## activityRetired:cntryFR 1.036
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR 1.699
## activityOther:cntryFR 0.716
## activityEducation:cntryGB 1.507
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB 0.967
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB -1.754
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB -1.582
## activityRetired:cntryGB -2.348
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB -1.451
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR -2.425
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR -0.065
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## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR -0.803
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## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR -1.778
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## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR -0.113
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU -1.922
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU -1.082
## activityRetired:cntryHU -1.453
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU -0.223
## activityOther:cntryHU 0.679
## activityEducation:cntryIE -0.151
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE -2.332
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE -3.633
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE -1.520
## activityRetired:cntryIE -2.372
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE -0.316
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## activityOther:cntryIE 0.504
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL -1.873
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL -2.522
## activityRetired:cntryIL -4.017
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL -0.626
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL -0.723
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## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV -3.061
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV -2.473
## activityRetired:cntryLV -1.436
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV NA
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## activityOther:cntryLV 0.447
## activityEducation:cntryNL 0.631
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL -0.432
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL -2.168
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL -1.048
## activityRetired:cntryNL -3.938
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL 0.916
## activityOther:cntryNL 0.778
## activityEducation:cntryNO 3.486
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO 0.140
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO -0.715
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO -1.700
## activityRetired:cntryNO -3.041
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO 0.108
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO 1.949
## activityOther:cntryNO 1.557
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## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL 0.293
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL -1.201
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL -1.496
## activityRetired:cntryPL -2.002
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL 1.113
## activityOther:cntryPL 1.494
## activityEducation:cntryPT -0.320
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT -0.719
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT -0.298
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT -1.258
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## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT 0.583
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## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO -0.373
## activityOther:cntryRO -0.150
## activityEducation:cntryRU 2.833
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU -0.867
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU -2.378
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU -1.824
## activityRetired:cntryRU -2.684
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU 0.729
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU -1.737
## activityOther:cntryRU NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE 4.251
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE 0.152
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE -2.192
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE -0.972
## activityRetired:cntrySE -3.301
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE 0.200
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE 0.902
## activityOther:cntrySE -0.029
## activityEducation:cntrySI 0.415
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI -0.062
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI 0.185
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI -1.591
## activityRetired:cntrySI -1.653
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI -0.657
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI 1.210
## activityOther:cntrySI -0.061
## activityEducation:cntrySK 2.069
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK -0.552
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK 0.074
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK -0.671
## activityRetired:cntrySK -2.289
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK 0.845
## activityOther:cntrySK 0.271
## activityEducation:cntryTR 3.316
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR -1.042
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR -0.369
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR -0.136
## activityRetired:cntryTR -1.771
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR 0.559
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR -1.661
## activityOther:cntryTR -1.147
## activityEducation:cntryUA 1.561
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA 0.203
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA -2.219
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA -1.322
## activityRetired:cntryUA -2.430
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA -0.437
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA -0.586
## activityOther:cntryUA 0.700
## activityEducation:cntryLT 2.737
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT -0.593
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT 0.813
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT -1.860
## activityRetired:cntryLT -2.187
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT -1.294
## activityOther:cntryLT 0.609
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) < 2e-16 ***
## activityEducation 9.17e-07 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job 0.842083
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job 0.298588
## activityPermanently sick or disabled 0.001083 **
## activityRetired 4.87e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service 0.825892
## activityHousework, looking after children, others 0.871099
## activityOther 0.591339
## cntryBG < 2e-16 ***
## cntryCH 5.37e-07 ***
## cntryCY 1.11e-13 ***
## cntryCZ < 2e-16 ***
## cntryDE 0.002731 **
## cntryDK < 2e-16 ***
## cntryEE 6.16e-05 ***
## cntryES < 2e-16 ***
## cntryFI 1.88e-07 ***
## cntryFR 0.027924 *
## cntryGB 2.21e-10 ***
## cntryGR 0.017385 *
## cntryHR < 2e-16 ***
## cntryHU < 2e-16 ***
## cntryIE 5.11e-14 ***
## cntryIL 5.66e-15 ***
## cntryLV 5.12e-06 ***
## cntryNL 0.202349
## cntryNO 0.003145 **
## cntryPL 1.27e-15 ***
## cntryPT 9.10e-08 ***
## cntryRO < 2e-16 ***
## cntryRU 0.058084 .
## cntrySE 8.34e-14 ***
## cntrySI 0.000400 ***
## cntrySK 5.80e-09 ***
## cntryTR 2.26e-06 ***
## cntryUA 1.43e-12 ***
## cntryLT 0.036387 *
## incomeJ - 1st decile 4.81e-05 ***
## incomeR - 2nd decile 0.264776
## incomeC - 3rd decile 0.230802
## incomeM - 4th decile 0.203058
## incomeS - 6th decile 0.011252 *
## incomeK - 7th decile 0.028918 *
## incomeP - 8th decile 3.69e-05 ***
## incomeD - 9th decile 0.000289 ***
## incomeH - 10th decile 1.22e-12 ***
## educationNot possible to harmonise into ES-ISCED < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED I , less than lower secondary < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED II, lower secondary 2.03e-11 ***
## educationES-ISCED IIIb, lower tier upper secondary < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED IV, advanced vocational, sub-degree 8.58e-06 ***
## educationES-ISCED V1, lower tertiary education, BA level < 2e-16 ***
## educationES-ISCED V2, higher tertiary education, >= MA level < 2e-16 ***
## educationOther 0.727800
## age 0.005283 **
## genderFemale < 2e-16 ***
## activityEducation:cntryBG 0.384877
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryBG 0.438970
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryBG 0.001543 **
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryBG 0.000322 ***
## activityRetired:cntryBG 0.002480 **
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryBG 0.621559
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryBG 0.507140
## activityOther:cntryBG 0.286715
## activityEducation:cntryCH 0.301298
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCH 0.505793
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCH 0.161145
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCH 0.775305
## activityRetired:cntryCH 0.619860
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCH 0.836791
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCH 0.763449
## activityOther:cntryCH 0.067143 .
## activityEducation:cntryCY 0.349959
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCY 0.456516
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCY 0.691752
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCY 0.774340
## activityRetired:cntryCY 0.113971
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCY 0.625668
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCY 0.270827
## activityOther:cntryCY 0.593091
## activityEducation:cntryCZ 0.058125 .
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryCZ 0.108836
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryCZ 0.006868 **
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryCZ 0.022909 *
## activityRetired:cntryCZ 0.010594 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryCZ NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryCZ 0.104839
## activityOther:cntryCZ 0.737008
## activityEducation:cntryDE 0.381502
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDE 0.073658 .
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDE 0.176862
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDE 0.354209
## activityRetired:cntryDE 0.975634
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDE 0.440890
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDE 0.963332
## activityOther:cntryDE 0.094105 .
## activityEducation:cntryDK 2.59e-08 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryDK 0.346937
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryDK 0.792807
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryDK 0.452217
## activityRetired:cntryDK 0.000175 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryDK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryDK 0.221527
## activityOther:cntryDK 0.126911
## activityEducation:cntryEE 0.286871
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryEE 0.718610
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryEE 0.291881
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryEE 0.324732
## activityRetired:cntryEE 0.870923
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryEE NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryEE 0.662714
## activityOther:cntryEE 0.346965
## activityEducation:cntryES 0.009631 **
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryES 0.825654
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryES 0.104294
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryES 0.000315 ***
## activityRetired:cntryES 0.069518 .
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryES NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryES 0.616432
## activityOther:cntryES 0.779431
## activityEducation:cntryFI 0.032385 *
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFI 0.625357
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFI 0.180253
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFI 0.100518
## activityRetired:cntryFI 0.003411 **
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFI 0.679758
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFI 0.123516
## activityOther:cntryFI 0.039534 *
## activityEducation:cntryFR 0.315074
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryFR 0.973907
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryFR 7.00e-05 ***
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryFR 0.616153
## activityRetired:cntryFR 0.300230
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryFR NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryFR 0.089361 .
## activityOther:cntryFR 0.473967
## activityEducation:cntryGB 0.131830
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGB 0.333495
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGB 0.079518 .
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGB 0.113689
## activityRetired:cntryGB 0.018898 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGB 0.146648
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGB 0.640301
## activityOther:cntryGB 0.620658
## activityEducation:cntryGR 0.459549
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryGR 0.964035
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryGR 0.015314 *
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryGR 0.948244
## activityRetired:cntryGR 0.013671 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryGR 0.422195
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryGR 0.575801
## activityOther:cntryGR 0.208465
## activityEducation:cntryHR 0.040488 *
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHR 0.506476
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHR 0.737863
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHR 0.075480 .
## activityRetired:cntryHR 8.25e-06 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHR 0.887710
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHR 0.910414
## activityOther:cntryHR 0.611175
## activityEducation:cntryHU 0.063798 .
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryHU 0.633658
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryHU 0.054563 .
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryHU 0.279345
## activityRetired:cntryHU 0.146148
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryHU NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryHU 0.823597
## activityOther:cntryHU 0.496932
## activityEducation:cntryIE 0.879971
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIE 0.019719 *
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIE 0.000280 ***
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIE 0.128412
## activityRetired:cntryIE 0.017685 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIE 0.751823
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIE 0.099350 .
## activityOther:cntryIE 0.613975
## activityEducation:cntryIL 0.026368 *
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryIL 0.661385
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryIL 0.061038 .
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryIL 0.011668 *
## activityRetired:cntryIL 5.91e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryIL 0.531594
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryIL 0.469396
## activityOther:cntryIL 0.768972
## activityEducation:cntryLV 0.044633 *
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLV 0.821438
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLV 0.002204 **
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLV 0.013404 *
## activityRetired:cntryLV 0.151008
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLV NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLV 0.312388
## activityOther:cntryLV 0.654748
## activityEducation:cntryNL 0.528236
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNL 0.665777
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNL 0.030163 *
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNL 0.294658
## activityRetired:cntryNL 8.22e-05 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNL 0.359739
## activityOther:cntryNL 0.436835
## activityEducation:cntryNO 0.000490 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryNO 0.888789
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryNO 0.474859
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryNO 0.089149 .
## activityRetired:cntryNO 0.002355 **
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryNO 0.913972
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryNO 0.051357 .
## activityOther:cntryNO 0.119538
## activityEducation:cntryPL 0.588961
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPL 0.769319
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPL 0.229687
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPL 0.134764
## activityRetired:cntryPL 0.045256 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPL NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPL 0.265879
## activityOther:cntryPL 0.135116
## activityEducation:cntryPT 0.748615
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryPT 0.472364
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryPT 0.765437
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryPT 0.208296
## activityRetired:cntryPT 0.026342 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryPT 0.559577
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryPT 0.843683
## activityOther:cntryPT 0.494291
## activityEducation:cntryRO 0.887960
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRO 0.534248
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRO 0.594701
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRO 0.189657
## activityRetired:cntryRO 0.030144 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRO 0.516781
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRO 0.708917
## activityOther:cntryRO 0.880892
## activityEducation:cntryRU 0.004609 **
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryRU 0.385908
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryRU 0.017399 *
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryRU 0.068086 .
## activityRetired:cntryRU 0.007281 **
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryRU 0.465706
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryRU 0.082326 .
## activityOther:cntryRU NA
## activityEducation:cntrySE 2.13e-05 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySE 0.878946
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySE 0.028361 *
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySE 0.331137
## activityRetired:cntrySE 0.000965 ***
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySE 0.841848
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySE 0.367102
## activityOther:cntrySE 0.976808
## activityEducation:cntrySI 0.678422
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySI 0.950501
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySI 0.852907
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySI 0.111598
## activityRetired:cntrySI 0.098381 .
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySI 0.510875
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySI 0.226289
## activityOther:cntrySI 0.951232
## activityEducation:cntrySK 0.038523 *
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntrySK 0.580702
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntrySK 0.941237
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntrySK 0.502539
## activityRetired:cntrySK 0.022106 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntrySK NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntrySK 0.397959
## activityOther:cntrySK 0.786768
## activityEducation:cntryTR 0.000912 ***
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryTR 0.297340
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryTR 0.712412
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryTR 0.891668
## activityRetired:cntryTR 0.076571 .
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryTR 0.576425
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryTR 0.096729 .
## activityOther:cntryTR 0.251191
## activityEducation:cntryUA 0.118520
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryUA 0.839203
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryUA 0.026457 *
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryUA 0.186170
## activityRetired:cntryUA 0.015083 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryUA 0.662351
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryUA 0.557888
## activityOther:cntryUA 0.483891
## activityEducation:cntryLT 0.006209 **
## activityUnemployed, looking for job:cntryLT 0.552994
## activityUnemployed, not looking for job:cntryLT 0.416471
## activityPermanently sick or disabled:cntryLT 0.062897 .
## activityRetired:cntryLT 0.028776 *
## activityCommunity or military service:cntryLT NA
## activityHousework, looking after children, others:cntryLT 0.195633
## activityOther:cntryLT 0.542503
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.9191 on 78355 degrees of freedom
## (30578 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.09291, Adjusted R-squared: 0.08971
## F-statistic: 29.08 on 276 and 78355 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16